• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a mobile crane (10) comprising a running gear (14) and a superstructure (18) rotatable relative to the running gear about an axis of rotation (16) and comprising an apparatus for receiving a ballast (12) arranged on the superstructure and having at least one ballast cylinder for receiving a ballast. The position of the ballast cylinders receiving the ballast (12) is variable in the apparatus for receiving a ballast so that the ballast (12) can be received in positions of distances different from the axis of rotation (16). ) of the superstructure (18).
    公开号:FR3027889A1
    申请号:FR1560216
    申请日:2015-10-27
    公开日:2016-05-06
    发明作者:Markus Bitz；Lars Eberhardt
    申请人:Liebherr Werk Ehingen GmbH；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a mobile crane comprising a running gear and a rotating superstructure relative to the running gear about an axis of rotation and an apparatus for receiving a ballast, arranged on the superstructure and having at less a ballast cylinder to receive a ballast. Mobile cranes need a space of action determined by the type of construction on a construction site to ensure a complete mode of operation and in accordance with safety rules. However, the action space is often limited due to projecting ledges on the construction site that may be formed by walls, plants or other work gear. In this regard, the necessary action space is essentially determined by two factors. While the first factor is constituted by the support base which is defined by the respective support apparatus as a function of the equipment state, the radius of rotation of the superstructure, as the second important factor, ie ie the most advanced edge of the superstructure when rotating the superstructure around the undercarriage, determines the action space of the mobile crane. In general, the radius of rotation of the superstructure is influenced by the mounted ballast plates or the ballast receiving apparatus receiving the ballast plates, since a ballast receiving apparatus installed, including the ballast plates , very often extends the most forward of the superstructure. If the radius of rotation of the superstructure is reduced, the action space required for the mobile crane is certainly reduced, on the one hand. But, on the other hand, the distance between the center of gravity of the ballast and the axis of rotation of the superstructure around the undercarriage is reduced. And this, however, reduces the torque that acts against the load torque generated by the load. [0005] Document DE 20 2010 002 364 U1 has already dealt with this problem and proposes a mobile crane which comprises a first and a second ballast receiving apparatus which differ from one another with respect to their physical dimensions and which are removably attached or selectively attachable to the superstructure of the mobile crane. The ballast receiving apparatus used defines the radius of rotation of the superstructure that is described by the most advanced component or the most advanced edge of the ballast receiving apparatus in the radial direction during a rotational movement. of the superstructure. The support base and the radius of rotation of the superstructure can be adapted to one another by selectively installing the first or second ballast receiving apparatus on the mobile crane. This solution certainly optimizes the radius of rotation of the superstructure, but it results in two separate ballast receiving devices must be provided and must be available to the operator of the mobile crane. The object of the invention is to improve a crane of the above category whose constructive volume minimizes the necessary action space at the construction site with the least possible additional components. The object of the invention is achieved with a mobile crane comprising a running gear and a rotary superstructure relative to the running gear about an axis of rotation and comprising an apparatus for receiving a ballast, arranged on the superstructure and having at least one ballast cylinder for receiving a ballast, the position of the ballast cylinders receiving the ballast being variable in the apparatus for receiving a ballast so that the ballast can be received in positions of different distances from the axis of rotation of the superstructure. [0008] Particularly advantageously, for a mobile crane according to the present invention, it is no longer necessary to keep available ballast receiving devices of different sizes. Because different rays of rotation of the superstructure can be obtained rather with a ballast receiving apparatus arranged in a variable manner. In this regard, the ballast receiving apparatus may receive ballast in at least two different positions. Each position has its own distance from the axis of rotation of the superstructure around the undercarriage. The same counterweight can therefore generate different counterweight moments and can counteract the corresponding load moment of the load to be lifted. It is generally more appropriate not to generate the static moment by increasing the counterweight but rather to increase the radius of the ballast since the counterweight itself acts on the undercarriage as a vertical force. The undercarriage can thus be unloaded by reducing the counterweight that it must carry with it, thanks to the possibility of increasing the radius of rotation of the superstructure. According to a first particular solution for the position variation of the ballast cylinders, it can be provided, according to the present invention, that the ballast cylinders are supported on rails and that they are movable longitudinally with respect to the ballast cylinder. longitudinal axis of the superstructure to increase or decrease respectively the distance of the axis of rotation. For the movement of the ballast cylinders along corresponding rails, a drive, for example a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit arrangement is advantageously provided for moving the ballast cylinders along the rails. By using a corresponding drive, the ballast cylinders can be positioned at any desired distance from the axis of rotation within the radius of travel and can be fixed in the position by blocking the drive. According to an alternative solution in the context of the present invention, fixed position ballast cylinders, that is to say one or more such cylinders, can also be used in place of the mobile ballast cylinders. In this case, advantageously, four ballast cylinders are arranged in a fixed position on the superstructure and are arranged in pairs one behind the other with respect to the axis of rotation of the superstructure. And then, the respective pair of cylinders disposed closer to the axis of rotation or the pair of cylinders further away from the axis of rotation can be actuated to receive the ballast. In this preferred embodiment, the radius of the counterweight is thus determined by the selection of the ballast cylinders used. Finally, according to another preferred aspect of the invention, the at least one ballast cylinder is pivotable about a vertical pivot axis relative to the superstructure. The ballast cylinders can then be fixed in their positions by a locking mechanism. In this solution, advantageously, two fixing positions are provided. More lockable positions for setting the respective pivot angle of the pivoting ballast cylinder (s) may be provided in a stepwise manner. [0013] Preferably, two pivoting ballast cylinders are provided which are received in pivoting brackets which, in turn, are pivotable about the vertical pivot axes. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, a manual operation, that is to say by the muscular force, is provided to rotate the ballast cylinders. In order to maintain the necessary forces within reasonable limits, a slow motion bearing, preferably bronze or polyamide, is provided. The pivoting consoles are then supported on the superstructure by means of bearings for slow movement, preferably bronze or polyamide. According to a somewhat more complex embodiment, a drive for example by a pneumatic piston-cylinder unit arrangement, a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit arrangement or a hydraulically-driven axle unit may also be provided. The locking mechanism for stopping the ballast cylinder in a particular pivoting position advantageously comprises a pin preloaded by a spring which can be pulled against the force of the spring. The pivoting of the corresponding ballast cylinders arranged on a pivoting console can then be carried out more particularly from the ground. A pin preloaded by a spring can be pulled by the operator with a rod and the pivot bracket can then be rotated. The pin itself automatically locks into one of the end positions, thanks to spring preloading. Finally, a location tracking of the position of the ballast cylinders is advantageously integrated which is able to send the respective position of the ballast cylinder followed by the control of the crane. The position of the counterweight, which can be determined by the corresponding position of the ballast cylinder, is a criterion for the load table of the crane to be used. A human error in the input of data in the table can be excluded by tracking the position of the pivot consoles, since the introduction is automated. The present invention also relates to the following features considered in isolation or in combination, or in combination with at least one of the above features: - a receiving apparatus for the ballast is provided on the undercarriage, corresponding receiving means being arranged on the receiving apparatus so that the ballast can be lowered into the different positions on the receiving apparatus; a drive for pivoting of the ballast cylinders is provided, especially in the form of a pneumatic piston-cylinder unit arrangement, a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit arrangement or a hydraulically driven axle unit. Other features, details and advantages of the present invention will appear in more detail in the explanatory description which follows, with reference to the accompanying drawings given solely by way of example illustrating an embodiment of the invention. and in which: - Figures la, lb respectively show a side view (Figure la) and a top view (Figure 1b) of a portion of a mobile crane according to an embodiment of the present invention according to which the ballast for a small radius of superstructure has been received, - Figures 2a, 2b show respectively a side view (Figure 2a) and a top view (Figure 2b) of a part of a mobile crane according to an embodiment of the present invention according to which the ballast for a large radius of superstructure has been received; FIG. 3 is a perspective view, with an enlarged detail, of a part of the crane of FIGS. 1 and 2 to illustrate the function 4 is a top view, with - as a detail - a vertical section along the line AA of the top view, to illustrate the locking mechanism according to the present invention, and - Figure 5 is a schematic representation illustrating the two expected positions of the ballast after being placed on the undercarriage. [0019] Figures 1a and 1b each represent a mobile crane 10 which is not shown in detail, and which includes a ballast receiving apparatus for receiving a ballast 12. The mobile crane comprises a running gear 14 and a superstructure 18 rotatably arranged about an axis of rotation 16 on the undercarriage 14. [0020] According to the present invention, the ballast receiving apparatus is arranged on the superstructure 18 so that it is variable positioning. The radius of rotation of the superstructure can thus be changed from a small radius (FIGS. 1a, 1b) to a large radius (FIG. 2a, 2b). [0021] The position variation of the ballast receiving apparatus is implemented in the embodiment described herein by pivoting ballast cylinders 20 (see details in Fig. 1b and Fig. 2b, respectively). As is particularly visible in the detail of Figure 2b, the ballast cylinders 20 are received in a pivoting console 22. The pivoting console 22 is pivotally mounted about a vertical pivot axis 24. For this, the different radii counterweight (as shown in Figs 1a and 1b in comparison with Figs. 2a and 2b) are determined by the pivot angle and the dimensions, i.e. the length, of the pivot bracket 22. A locking mechanism 26 which comprises a plug-in pin of simple construction, is provided to be able to maintain the ballast cylinder 20 and the associated pivoting console 22 in a specific position. Preferably, manual operation, that is to say by the muscular force, is provided as a drive for the pivoting movement. By this, the design of the ballast receiving apparatus can be greatly simplified. In order to maintain the necessary forces within reasonable limits, a bearing for slow movement, for example in bronze sleeves or polyamide sleeves, can be used. According to an alternative (not shown in the drawings), a drive can of course also be provided by a pneumatic piston-cylinder unit arrangement, a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit arrangement or a hydraulically driven axle unit. The ballast cylinders 20 that may be used here may be of the same design or at least approximately of the same design as the ballast cylinders known from the state of the art. The basic operating mode of the ballast cylinders is also exactly the same as that of the state of the art relating to the present invention, with the exception of the positioning variation by the pivoting. Reference can be made here to the mode of operation as described, for example, in DE 20 2010 002 364 U1. The supply of energy and the sending of signals for the ballast cylinders 20 are carried out using a winding of pipes and / or cables or a power supply chain of a not shown in the drawings. Electrical, hydraulic and, optionally, pneumatic lines are to be provided correspondingly in the energy supply chain. The ballast cylinders 20 can be set in two positions and can be locked by a corresponding pivoting. In the position according to FIGS. 1a and 1b, the ballast cylinders 20 are at a distance less remote from the axis of rotation 16 than in the outwardly pivoting position according to FIGS. 2a and 2b where the corresponding distance is referenced b. As is known from the state of the art, a device 28 can be made available on the undercarriage 14 to receive the ballast 12. Once the ballast 12 set up in this way, it is ready To be ballasted by the ballast cylinders 20. Since the ballast 12 may, however, be accommodated with two different pivoting radii, associated cutouts for each intended swing radius are formed in the ballast receiver. These cuts correspond to corresponding projections 32 on the apparatus 28 so that the ballast 12 can be received in both positions, that is to say both in the position of the large counterweight radius and in the position of the small counterweight radius. According to an alternative, it is also possible to provide separate devices having corresponding cutouts, for each ballast radius. In order to design the reception of the ballast 12 on the apparatus 28 in a simple manner, ballast stops 34 and 36, respectively, as are also known from the state of the art, are installed. The ballast stops 36 for the smaller radius (see Figure la) can be folding. Due to the design, the center of gravity of the ballast 12 extends far beyond the rear of the turntable with the large turning radius b. In order to nevertheless be able to attach the ballast horizontally to the turntable during hoisting, corresponding stops 34 are provided on the pivot brackets 22 or on the ballast cylinders 20 themselves. The enlarged view according to Figure 4 also shows the embodiment of the locking mechanism 26. It can be operated, as Figure 3 also shows, from the ground by the operator. The pin 26 preloaded by a spring is pulled down here by means of a rod or bar and the pivot bracket is then rotated. Thanks to the spring preload, the pin 26 is automatically locked in one of the two end positions provided. According to an alternative, the pivot bracket 22 can also be pivoted and locked from a platform of the turntable, for example using a fixed lever or pluggable (not shown here in detail). The position of the ballast is a criterion for the load table of the mobile crane 10 to be used. In order to be able here to reliably exclude any human error, the position of the pivoting consoles 22 of the ballast cylinders is followed by the control of the crane. In general, a switch on a pivoting console 22 may be sufficient to be able to determine the position of the two pivoting brackets 22 and thus of the ballast 12, since, for geometry reasons, no The ballast can not be received until the pivoting consoles 22 of the ballast cylinders are at the same position. For this solution, a switch having two transponders per pivot console is chosen to be able to detect each position. According to an alternative, it is of course also possible to provide at least one mechanical switch, for example a roll limit switch, or at least one inductive switch or at least one switch and at least one transponder. Figure 5 shows only, again, schematically, the positioning of the ballast on the apparatus 28 of the undercarriage 14. The fully shaded circles represent the projections 32 on the apparatus 28. According to the representation 5, that is to say when the small radius of rotation of the superstructure is implemented, they engage in the two outer cutouts 30 in the receiving plate of the ballast 12. This upper representation corresponds to the representation of figure la. On the other hand, the lower representation corresponds to the arrangement of the ballast according to FIG. 2a, that is to say to the relatively greater radius of rotation of the superstructure. The other two corresponding cutouts 30 in the receiving plate of the ballast here receive the projections 32 of the apparatus 28.20
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Mobile crane (10) having a running gear (14) and a superstructure (18) rotatable relative to the undercarriage about an axis of rotation (16) and having an apparatus for receiving a ballast (12) , arranged on the superstructure and having at least one ballast cylinder (20) for receiving a ballast, characterized in that the position of the ballast cylinders (20) receiving the ballast (12) is variable in the apparatus for receiving a ballast so that the ballast (12) can be received in positions of different distances from the axis of rotation (16) of the superstructure (18).
    [0002]
    2. Mobile crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the ballast cylinders (20) are movable longitudinally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the superstructure using rails.
    [0003]
    Mobile crane according to Claim 1, characterized in that four ballast cylinders (20) are provided which are arranged in a fixed position on the superstructure and which are arranged in pairs one behind the other with respect to the axis. of rotation (16) of the superstructure (18), the respective pair of cylinders disposed closer to the axis of rotation or the pair of cylinders disposed further from the axis of rotation being adapted to be actuated to receive the ballast ( 12).
    [0004]
    4. Mobile crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the ballast cylinders (20) are pivotable about a pivot axis (24) vertical relative to the superstructure (18).
    [0005]
    5. Mobile crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ballast cylinders (20) can be fixed in their positions by a locking mechanism.
    [0006]
    6. Mobile crane according to claim 4 or claim 5, characterized in that the ballast cylinders (20) are received in pivoting brackets (22) which are pivotable about the vertical pivot axes (24).
    [0007]
    7. mobile crane according to claim 6, characterized in that the pivoting brackets (22) are supported on the superstructure (18) with slow-motion bearings, preferably bronze or polyamide.
    [0008]
    Mobile crane according to one of Claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the locking mechanism comprises a pin preloaded by a spring which can be pulled against the force of the spring, the pivoting of the ballast cylinders. (20) corresponding arranged on a pivot bracket (22) can be made more particularly from the ground.
    [0009]
    9. Mobile crane according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a location tracking of the position of the ballast cylinders (20) is integrated, which sends the respective position to the control of the crane.
    [0010]
    10. Mobile crane according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a receiving apparatus for the ballast is provided on the undercarriage (14), corresponding receiving means being arranged on the apparatus of reception so that the ballast (12) can be lowered into the different positions on the receiving apparatus.
    [0011]
    Mobile crane according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a drive for pivoting of the ballast cylinders (20) is provided, in particular in the form of a pneumatic piston-cylinder unit arrangement. , a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit arrangement or a hydraulically driven axle unit.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN105565183A|2016-05-11|
    DE102015013488B4|2018-11-15|
    FR3027889B1|2020-07-24|
    DE102015013488A1|2016-05-04|
    JP2016088752A|2016-05-23|
    JP6622560B2|2019-12-18|
    ITUB20155319A1|2017-04-28|
    US10870561B2|2020-12-22|
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    US10189683B2|2019-01-29|
    DE202014008661U1|2014-12-02|
    US20160185576A1|2016-06-30|
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    法律状态:
    2016-10-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-10-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-10-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-10-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2019-11-22| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20191122 |
    2020-10-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-10-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE202014008661.3U|DE202014008661U1|2014-10-31|2014-10-31|Mobile crane with ballast cradle|
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